FANCD2 and breast carcinoma: Rudland et al. (2010) further illustrated that the cytoplasmic loss of FANCD2 in primary breast carcinomas might allow the selection of cells overexpressing proteins that could induce metastases before surgery. In 2017, truncating mutations in FANCD2 were discovered, which connected this FA gene with hereditary breast cancer susceptibility during case-control analysis (Mantere et al., 2017), indicating that FANCD2 is a potential breast cancer susceptibility gene.