TNF and cancer: The activities of many different ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family transporter proteins that mediate chemo-resistance against various cancer therapeutics through the export of xenobiotic, depend on OxPhos-driven ATP availability (209); and in some cases, a higher inflammatory state is driven by OxPhos, with interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secreted in the microenvironment of the tumor (210).