CLN5 and post-traumatic stress disorder: In this respect, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor (TGFβ) family, broadly expressed in the brain, play an important function in the CNS regulating astrogenesis (Imura et al., 2008) and neurogenesis during development (Shaked et al., 2008; Morikawa et al., 2016) and adulthood (Colak et al., 2008), and perhaps their function can be affected in the brain by PTSD.