Depletion of CD8+ T cells completely counteracted the effects of tumor inhibition produced by the combination of anti-PD-L1 and anti-CCL5 antibodies, indicating that CD8+ T cells are critical for the antitumor effects of the combination treatment (Fig. 6b and Supplementary Figs. 3c, 6a, b). This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and neoplasm.