FOXP3 and breast carcinoma: For instance, in colorectal cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer, C-FOXP3 is a tumor suppressor gene, whereas in NSCLC, esophageal cancer and pancreatic cancer, it is an oncogene contributing to a poor prognosis from the tumor.32 Therefore, whether the regulatory role of C-FOXP3 on PD-L1 is a ubiquitous mechanism needs to be further determined.