One report showed that IL-17-producing CD4 T cells (ie, Th17 cells), but not IL-17-producing CD8 T cells (ie, Tc17 cells), were increased in the VAT of obese patients with diabetes when compared with the VAT of both non-diabetic obese and lean subjects.17 However, most of the reports lack a proper control group, that is, the VAT of lean healthy donors, and rarely stratify the obese population in dysglycemic and normoglycemic subjects. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and diabetes mellitus.