Analysis of symptomatic TgA53T mice at early and end-stage of disease [39, 40] show that while the overall c-Abl levels are not different from age matched non-Tg (nTg) mice, there is a significant increase in the level of c-Abl phosphorylated at Tyr245, an indicator of active c-Abl, in regions affected by α-synucleinopathy [brainstem (Fig. 1) and spinal cord (Additional file 1 : Figure S2)]. This evidence concerns the gene ABL1 and synucleinopathy.