For example, the use of mAbs anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) causes thyroid dysfunction (including painless thyroiditis and so on) [12] in 10 percent of cancer patients [7]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.