TNF and COVID-19: In SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, the retrospective analysis has demonstrated that initial plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-ɣ, monocyte chemoattractant peptide (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1A, MIP-1B, granulocyte-colonystimulating factor (G-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are increased in patients with COVID-19.