Moreover, the 19 overlapping genes derived from hepatitis B and pathways in cancer were discovered (Fig. 3), such as PIK3CG, CDKN1B, PIK3CD, FOS, MAPK8, AKT1, MYC, MAPK1, CREBBP, JUN, BCL2, CCND1, PIK3CA, PTEN, CYCS, PIK3CB, EP300, JAK1, and GRB2. Here, PIK3CD is linked to hepatitis B virus infection.