Further evidence of the relationship of malnutrition with inflammation is the study by Takele et al. who found a significant correlation between low BMI and increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, IL-33, and TNFα; however, not IL-8 or CRP. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and nutritional deficiency disease.