PIN1 and cancer: Pin1 is mainly localized in the nucleus of both normal and cancer cells, colocalizing with a series of nucleoproteins, such as NEK6 (Chen et al., 2006), but its nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution could be changed upon phosphorylation by kinases including the above-mentioned DAPK1 and MLK3 (Lee et al., 2011a; Rangasamy et al., 2012).