Interestingly, they discovered that IFN-γ treatment induced a downregulation of CXCR4, and this downregulation translated into an inhibition in the migratory and invasive capacities of HNSCC cells, as well as CXCR4/CXCL12 axis-mediated cell proliferation. Here, CXCL12 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.