Proinflammatory immune cells, including B cells, plasma cells, CD4+ T cells, Tfh cells, GCB cells, IL-17a+ T cells, and IFN-γ+ T cells, were increased in sodium chloride-pretreated BMDC-ALD-DNA-induced lupus mice compared to those in control BMDC-ALD-DNA-induced lupus mice (Supplementary Fig. 8). Here, CD4 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.