PIM1 and prostate carcinoma: Data are available that suggest a role for PIM1 in particular, with higher expression of PIM1 or PIM3 noted in PCa versus matched benign tissues in multiple cohorts.16–20 This increase in expression of PIM has prompted numerous studies investigating the role of the whole PIM family in the development and progression of PCa.21 Interestingly, the impact of PIM on patient prognosis is disputed, as some reports suggest that low PIM1 expression in prostate cancer can be linked to poor patient outcomes.22