We found that at multiple cell concentrations (e.g., 1 × 105 and 6 × 104), ectopic expression of WIP1 increased the frequency of tumor formation by H460 cells (Fig. 6a, Supplementary Data Fig. S5, Supplementary Table S1), while GSK reduced this frequency (Fig. 6e, Supplementary Data Fig. S6, Supplementary Table S1). This evidence concerns the gene PPM1D and neoplasm.