TGFB1 and acute kidney injury: It has been reported that a deficiency in TGF-β1 in mice increases renal damage and deteriorates renal function,107 and this was further confirmed by another study showing that sevoflurane protects against IRI-induced renal injury.108 Additionally, a recent study showed that TGF-β-induced CD4 + Foxp3 + Tregs prevented antibody-mediated acute renal allograft injury by targeting multiple effectors.109 However, other studies have shown controversial data that TGF-β1 is possibly detrimental in AKI.