The Translational Research Investigating Biomarker Endpoints for Acute Kidney Injury (TRIBE-AKI) cohort study on adults undergoing cardiac surgery found that proangiogenic markers, such as VEGF, correlated with a reduced risk of AKI and mortality, but antiangiogenic VEGFR-1 was associated with an increased risk of AKI and mortality.148 Moreover, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which are the main ligands for lymphangiogenesis, are abundantly expressed in tubules and increased in the serum and urine after injury. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFC and acute kidney injury.