PARP1 and neoplasm: PARP inhibition followed by β-lap treatment alters the mechanism of β-lap function by blocking the repair of damaged DNA and inhibiting PARP1 hyperactivation, slowing down the process of NAD+ depletion as a result, and extending the cycling of β-lap by NQO1 to maximize hydrogen peroxide production and amplifying DNA damage in a tumor-selective manner (Figure 3C) [109].