Concepts integral to fibrosis progression include that oxidative stress drives hepatocyte damage and NPC activation resulting in fibrosis, TGFβ1 is a requirement for liver fibrosis, and that repression of TGFβ1 signaling can reduce fibrogenesis [11], which we were able to mimic in our liver co-culture spheroids. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis.