Interestingly, the TMV vaccine was able to inhibit MOC2 tumor growth and synergized with anti-PD-1 antibody in controlling MOC2 tumor growth and prolonging survival of the mice, with tumors being 10 times smaller in the combination treatment group (~15 mm2) compared to PBS or monotherapy treated after 30 days (Figure 5C). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.