In colitis, AIM2 senses microbial DNA and activates the inflammasome producing IL-1β and IL-18, which contributes to the production of antimicrobial peptide by intestinal epithelial cells, thus regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis and controlling the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis [29,30]. The gene discussed is AIM2; the disease is colitis.