ECM1 and Hemoglobin C Measurement: Based on TCGA BLCA dataset, we found that CRYAB (AUC = 0.9326, P < 0.001), ECM1 (AUC = 0.6782, P = 0.009), CGNL1 (AUC = 0.9314, P < 0.001), and GPX3 (AUC = 0.8480, P < 0.001) are effective in distinguishing HGBC tissues and normal para-carcinoma tissues (Figure 2A).