ExoDx, SelectMDx and Michigan Prostate Score (MiPS) were recently developed as non-invasive screening tools for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and primarily detect androgen-related transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2-ERG) or second chromosome locus associated with prostate-1 (SChLAP1) in the urine 141, along with PSA levels in the blood. Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate carcinoma.