These very promising proof-of- principle studies have led to phase I/II clinical studies with NIS as a reporter gene and / or therapy gene using virus-mediated NIS gene delivery for locally recurrent prostate cancer (NCT00788307), multiple myeloma (NCT00450814, NCT02192775, NCT03017820), and for various other non-thyroidal cancer types (NCT01503177, NCT01846091, NCT02364713, NCT02700230, NCT02919449, NCT02962167, NCT03120624, NCT03171493, NCT03647163) 58-61. Here, SLC5A5 is linked to AL amyloidosis.