In line with this, two recent reports have shown that blocking TNF in tumor-bearing mice enhances to some extent the antitumor effect of immunotherapy with anti-PD1 mAb or an anti-PD1 + anti-CTLA-4 combinations of mAbs, while at the same time TNF-blockade prevents associated immunopathology 24,25. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.