PRKAA1 and heart failure: In addition, there is evidence that AMPK-α2 will be switched to AMPK-α1 increasingly in heart failure, which reduces the level of AMPK-α2 and promotes the development of cardiac dysfunction, whereas AMPK-α2 interacts with phosphorylated PINK1 to initiate PINK/Parkin-mediated mitophagy for protection against progression of heart failure under phenylephrine stimulation in vivo (Wang B. et al., 2018).