VEGFA and neoplasm: 1. Upregulate miRNA-181b, 153, 145, 137 & let-7d expression, increase apoptosis (i2 mg/ml); reduce angiogenesis; increase efficacy of TMZ when combined with OLE2. reduce expression of VEGF, MMP-2 and 9; reduce tumor weight; reduce invasion and migration; combined treatment synergistically enhanced effect of bevacizumab3. OLE (1 mg/ml) induced CpG island methylation in MGMT gene, combined with TMZ significantly increased toxicity on MGMT unmethylated cells