The protection against the development of liver cancer in carcinogen-treated mice also depends on ERα-mediated estrogen signaling of forkhead box protein A (Foxa) factors such as Foxa1 and Foxa2 [101] pioneer transcription factors in the liver, crucial for steroid hormone signalling (estrogens and androgens) as essential controllers of variations of liver cancer in terms of gender [95]. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and liver cancer.