PIR and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Indeed, in a study defining a landscape of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), 307 non-coding transcripts differentially expressed in HNSCC were significantly correlated with patient survival, and associated with known gene mutations and chromosome alterations, including PRDM9 mutations; particularly, piR-34736 was upregulated two-fold in HNSCC and correlated to patient survival and PRDM9 mutation [158].