EML4 and neoplasm: Figure 1 illustrates the signaling cascade affected by ALK gene translocation. The most common gene translocation is of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-ALK (EML4-ALK), which promotes ALK phosphorylation, thus activating phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-AKT (PI3K-AKT), reticular activating system (RAS), and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascades. This influences not only carcinogenic drivers and tumor growth, but also other organ metastases, including central nervous system metastases [12,13,14,15].