TIMP1 and acute kidney injury: Compared to untreated controls, animals in the AKI + IA saline group had significant increases in urine KIM-1 (3.2 ± 1.0 vs. 21.8 ± 3.1 mg/dL, p < 0.05), TIMP-1 (0.8 ± 0.3 vs. 4.7 ± 1.7 mg/dL, p < 0.05), and NGAL (3.7 ± 1.1 vs. 20.0 ± 2.8 mg/dL, p < 0.05) (Figure 2F).