In another example, knockdown of Dvl using siRNA, as well as expression of Dvl mutants, was shown to inhibit tumor growth, by disrupting the Wnt signaling pathway and transcriptional activation of β-catenin, in addition to other targets (Uematsu et al., 2003a, Uematsu et al., 2003b) (Fig. 9, top panel). The gene discussed is DVL1; the disease is neoplasm.