While Treg and microglia modulation correlates with disease progression in mutant SOD1 mice and ALS patients3,21,30,38, we show that NK cell-mediated modulation of these cell types only affects survival and onset time, possibly due to specific or partial alteration of microglia or Treg phenotype in the different experimental settings. This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.