CSF1 and neoplasm: While pretreatment of A2780 cells with NHWD-870 strongly affected the ability of A2780 cells to support the proliferation of TAMs in a separate chamber in co-culture assays (Fig. 5c–e and Fig. 6b, c), 10 ng/ml CSF1 was able to partially rescue the inhibitory effects of NHWD-870 (Fig. 6b, c), suggesting other mechanisms, together with CSF1 downregulation in tumor cells, contribute to indirect effects of NHWD-870 on macrophages.