Phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) plays a central role in lipotoxicity, as the pathways of inflammation, oxidative stress, ER stress and even ceramide accumulation converge at this major stress-activated kinase, which, in turn, contributes to insulin resistance and programmed cell death. Here, MAPK9 is linked to Insulin resistance.