In an orthotopic pleural mesothelioma murine model, survival times were increased by intrapleural injections of shRNA/liposome-complexes against thymidylate synthase (TS), which efficiently sensitized tumor cells to the cytotoxic effect of the anticancer drug, pemetrexed, by down-regulating the expression of TS mRNA in the disseminated tumor cells [13]. This evidence concerns the gene TYMS and pleural mesothelioma.