CASP1 and infection: Interestingly, WT cecal burdens displayed a marked seven-fold decrease between 18 h and 72 h p.i. whereas only a minor decrease was observed in the Casp1−/− and Casp1/11−/− mice, while Casp11−/− intestinal burdens remained comparable to those at 18 h p.i. This suggests the inflammatory caspase-deficient mice were unable to clear the infection from their tissues as efficiently as WT mice, a finding corroborated by their higher fecal shedding burdens (S1 Fig).