Thus, the current study was designed to determine and correlate in prepubertal male and female DS children (i) the serum levels of NGF and BDNF; (ii) the oxidative status measured in the serum as free oxygen radicals defense (FORD) and free oxygen radicals test (FORT); and (iii) the serum levels of cytokines playing subtle roles in both neuroinflammatory and oxidative processes as TNF-α, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12. This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and Dravet syndrome.