Of these, 17 (32%) reported use of rapid treponemal-based syphilis tests; 13 (24.5%) reported use of non-treponemal diagnostic tests alone such as rapid plasmin reagin (RPR) or venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) tests, and 23 (43%) reported use of non-treponemal diagnostic tests followed by confirmatory treponemal testing (using Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) or Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) assay (Table 1). The gene discussed is PLG; the disease is syphilis.