GDM has important characteristics that differentiate it from type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D): (1) patients have endogenous insulin secretion (inadequate), (2) a patient’s metabolic state changes continuously and requires frequent treatment adjustments, and (3) the short duration of the illness may impact patient education and knowledge in insulin self-management [33]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.