These findings, taken together with the correlation between liver VDR expressions and the severity of liver fibrosis, suggest that not only activated HSCs through their secretion of αSMA and collagen may contribute to liver fibrosis, it is also suggested that NK cells also lose their anti-fibrotic potential to kill HSCs, which exacerbate fibrosis especially when treated with vitamin D. This evidence concerns the gene VDR and Hepatic fibrosis.