Analysis of the TCGA cohort data revealed that patients with high FGFR1 mRNA expression exhibited high mRNA expression of the biomarkers of apoptotic DNA damage (PARP1), cancer stemness (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, ALDH1A1), and multidrug resistance (ABCB1/MDR1), with concurrent absence of markers of DNA repair (RAD51 and H2AFX) (Figure 2A). Here, H2AX is linked to cancer.