In patient-derived AML cells, quercetin had a high affinity for a type II ER binding site (i.e., prior to the discovery of ERβ, this was thought to be a site of preferential ER binding for phytoestrogens over estradiol) and a direct correlation between binding to this site and reduced AML cell proliferation was found [39]. Here, ESR1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.