For cardiomyocyte hypertrophy at the peri-infarction area, cardiomyocyte size was significantly smaller in the HMGB1 group than in the control (19.11 ± 2.59 vs. 26.82 ± 1.36 μm, P < 0.0001, Fig 2D). Here, HMGB1 is linked to infarction.