Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to quantify the expression of ALOX5 (encodes 5-lipoxygenase), LTB4R (encodes one of the LTB4 receptors), and MYD88 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 164 type 1 diabetes (T1D) individuals presenting or not diabetes kidney disease, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN); 26 nondiabetic subjects were included as controls. This evidence concerns the gene ALOX5 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.