Evaluation of tumor sections harvested from mice at day 14 (one day post-LY treatment) demonstrated reduced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the TGFβ signaling mediator, Smad2, indicating ALK5 signaling was attenuated in tumor tissue, specifically in the CD8α+ cells (Supplementary Fig. 1b). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.