CD8A and cancer: Intracellular kinases, such as PI3Kγ, have been found to limit the inflammatory response of macrophages.103 Specifically, genetic ablation of PI3Kγ in macrophages led to increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL1β and TNFα, but reduced expression of IL-10 or activity of ARG1.103 These inflammatory changes correlated with a restoration in CD8+ T cell activation and synergism with ICT in mouse models of cancer.103 Kinases are ideal targets for pharmacological intervention with small molecule inhibitors.