Differentially regulated levels of CSF NPTX1 and NPTXR have been reported in patients with AD, mostly identified through mass spectrometry approaches.13 15 16 18–20 In presymptomatic stages of autosomal dominant AD, mild cognitive impairment and early-stage AD, a transient increase in NPTXs has been observed.15 16 19 20. This evidence concerns the gene NPTXR and Cognitive impairment.