KDR and neoplasm: For tumour therapy, bevacizumab [an anti-VEGF humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb)], aflibercept (an anti-VEGF fusion protein) and ramucirumab (an anti-VEGFR-2 human mAb) have been developed and shown to inhibit the VEGF-VEGFR interaction and indeed provides an excellent therapeutic effect in patients with tumours [11–13] and in experimental animal models [14–16].