Although the activated, auto-phosphorylated form of ATM (P-ATM) localizes to the nucleus in bone marrow progenitors of myeloid malignancies including MDS [87,88] and CML ([45] and Figure 2a), our immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining against P-ATM at S1981 revealed predominantly cytoplasmic P-ATM immunoreactivity in PV progenitors and distinct nuclear staining (and lack of cytoplasmic staining) only in post-PV MF ([82] and Figure 2b). This evidence concerns the gene ATM and myelodysplastic syndrome.