There are several examples for the miRNA-modulated production of inflammatory cytokines, including the miR-3473b-SOCS3-iNOS/COX-2/TNF-α/IL-6 axis in stroke pathology (56), miR-374a-ACVR2B-IL-6/IL-8 axis in the infants with hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy (70), and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related miR-7-HERP2-TNF-α/IL-1β axis in mouse astrocytes exposed to OGD insult (57). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is brain ischemia.